Posts from 2026

Rogallo v0.10.0 is now available. This release has a number of changes, including some new features, some changes to the user interface, and a couple of quality-of-life improvements.

Maximum document width¶

Amongst some feedback someone left on a slightly unrelated post over on station there was mention of how a document "should" wrap at around 72 characters. While no rationale was given for the "should" part, I was happy enough to accept that this could be a preference for some people. With this in mind, I've added a configuration option to set a maximum width for documents.

While, personally, I prefer Rogallo's default behaviour (I work in an environment where I can resize a window, and I'm capable of doing it), I can appreciate that someone might want to cap it. So for folk who prefer this, they can now make Rogallo look like this (with maximum_document_width set to 80):

For the moment this can only be set via the configuration file. At some point I might make this more of a dynamic thing. I can imagine this being something handy, or at least fun, to change up as you're viewing different content.

Link jump timeout¶

The same feedback "suggested" that the link jumping facility that Rogallo has should have a timeout that clears the buildup of the number being looked for. This seemed like a reasonable thing to ask for. So, before, if you typed 1, a link with a label of 1 would be selected. If you did nothing for a while, and then typed 2, a link with the label of 12 would be highlighted. With the new timeout (set to 1 second by default, configurable in the configuration file), if you type 1 and then 2 more than a second later, first link 1 will be selected, then link 2 will be selected. On the other hand, if you type 1 then 2 within a second, 12 will be selected.

Setting the timeout to 0 disables this and Rogallo's link jumping facility will work as it did before.

Failed input recovery¶

With this new feature, if you send input text to a capsule and it rejects it for some reason, the input will be held on to. If you then visit the same URI again, the input dialog will be pre-populated with what you attempted to send a moment ago. This gives you the opportunity to edit anything wrong with the submission and try again.

Added all application commands to the command line¶

If you prefer to use Rogallo's command line more than the command palette, I've now ensured that all bindable application commands can be accessed via the command line. There's a difference in their form, to stay in keeping with the command line. So whereas in the command palette you'd run GoHome by typing go home, in the command line it becomes a !-prefixed snake-case command: !go_home.

All possible commands are listed in the help screen if it's brought up while the command line has focus.

Capsule navigation commands¶

Rogallo now has two new commands for quickly navigating within the current capsule path. GoToParent will navigate up a level in the path of the current URI, and GoToRoot will go to the root of the capsule.

Visited vs non-visited links¶

The icon for links is now used to show if a link is already in the location history (and so has been visited before), or not:

Here you can see that Account settings isn't in the visit history, but the other two links are. I was going to do the whole link, but I've never been a fan of how web browsers do this, so I've gone with just the icon. I've also made it subtle but still noticeable. So far, I'm much preferring this; I don't need it blasting out the difference, I just need it to be enough for me to notice¹.

Swapped around history and bookmark tools¶

Until now the "history" and "bookmarks" shortcut keys advertised in the footer brought up the sidebar-based management widgets. This made sense when that's all I had in Rogallo. For a while now though I've had palette-based search tools for both history and bookmarks. Normally I want to search for and select a bookmark or history item way more than I want to manage those lists. So I've relegated the sidebar-based tools to a secondary position and placed the palette-based search tools up front.

This also means that the default bindings have changed a bit. As always, you can discover the bindings with rogallo bindings.

Conclusion¶

I know I've nodded towards this before, but I think I'm getting close to making a v1.0.0 release. I want to daily-drive for a few more days, and I'd also like to expand the website. I'd also like to build a Gemini/Gemtext-based site for Rogallo -- it'd be pretty weird if I only documented it in http(s)space. I won't let those wishes become blockers for moving to calling Rogallo "stable", but it would be nice to have.

Wasat v0.8.0 is now available. This provides a small update to the GeminiURI class, adding three utility properties for extra URI manipulation.

• without_query - gives the URI minus any attached query
• parent - gives the parent path of the current URI (also minus the query)
• root - gives the root path for the current URI (also minus the query)

In each case, the result is a fresh GeminiURI instance.

These are added because I'm aiming to add "go to parent" and "go to root" commands to Rogallo.

I'm sure most people reading this will be familiar with the concept of "bean soup theory". In case anyone isn't, here's how Wikipedia describes it:

A specific phenomenon described as a 'What about me' effect. An individual watches a video that doesn't pertain to them, but finds a way to make it about them anyway. Stems from a 2023 TikTok recipe for bean soup, with commenters saying "What if I don't like beans?"

I feel there's a very specific set of folk who love to "bean soup" anything relating to terminals, and it's common to have them turn up in your mentions if you happen to do anything in the terminal, or for the terminal, that isn't about their purist opinions and how everything must be a Vim clone, or worse.

I first encountered this when I started working at Textualize. Unsurprisingly, given the point, purpose and focus of Textual, some folk would turn up in the Discord server, in the issues, in the discussions, in the mentions of posts in various places, and post their very important opinions about how TUI software must work. Not... discuss their preferences, or offer suggestions (there were plenty of people who were pleasant like that, they were lovely to converse with), no: their engagement was written as if every word that was mashed into their keyboard was a well-crafted, handed-from-on-high RFC-like holy document that MUST and SHOULD be followed¹.

If I was being very charitable I could cut them some slack. If you're building a framework for building applications for the terminal, there's a good reason to make it at least possible for the application authors to follow recognised best practice and to stick with hard-won conventions. Indeed, Textual has some design choices that I think are deeply questionable and misguided and I objected to them on more than one occasion. So, yeah, if I was being charitable, I could cut them some slack.

I could... if they weren't such arseholes about it.

This gets worse though if you're building an application for the terminal, especially if it's built as Free Software and the motivation is to build something for yourself and be kind enough to share. It irks the hell out of me when I build some application for myself, as a TUI, and then someone turns up and starts complaining about my choice of default key bindings, that work in my choice of terminal emulator and my configuration for that emulator.

It's even worse when they do it in a way where they have to show their very deep knowledge of terminals, and how they're very proud of just how lacking in features and progress their own choice of terminal emulator is.

Dude...² I know. I've used physical terminals. I've written COBOL on a minicomputer using a line editor on some honking great dumb all-green all-in-one box. I've even written code on a terminal using fan-fold paper. I've used all sorts of terminal emulators. I spent well over a decade doing shit inside rxvt which was running on my GNU/Linux server while displaying on my Windows desktop machine.

I've installed and tested plenty of terminal emulators.

I'm well aware of the conventions and expectations. If Ctrl+C doesn't quit... that is my choice. It's not ignorance, it's not a lack of history with this stuff, it's a choice. For my software.

So when you turn up and feel the need to tell me that some function keys might not work in some terminal on some GNU/Linux box... I get it, you don't like beans. If that's the case, how about you either don't make my hobby all about your tastes and how I should build my application to suit you, or how about you RTFM and configure my application so it works in your choice of terminal?

I mean... we know you won't. We know you don't even care about the application I'm having tons of fun building, that I'm spending time in a joyous flow-state creating and tinkering with. You just care about making the post all about you and your purity. We know you just care about showing how smart you are.

We know you just can't resist the urge to reply-guy³.

We get it: you don't like bean soup. Nobody cares. Nobody asked.

I forgot to post this yesterday. I was out on a lunch walk and noticed the clouds in the sky were looking like the right kind for some atmospheric optical fun. Sure enough, I looked up, and...

A nice partial 22° halo. It's been a wee while since I last saw one.

I've released v0.9.0 of Rogallo. The first big change in this release is the addition of syntax highlighting to pre-formatted text.

Much like in Markdown, Gemtext also supports pre-formatted text bounded by code fences. Gemtext supports the concept of "alt-text" for such text, like this:

```python
def hello(name: str = "World") -> str:
    return f"Hello, {name}!"
```

Until now Rogallo would simply show the text as-is (with some styling to make it stand out from normal paragraphs). From this release, if there is alt-text for the pre-formatted block, and if it's the name of a supported language, the content will have syntax highlighting applied.

If you're curious which languages are supported, it should be anything that Pygments supports.

Another significant change is to the user input dialog. As mentioned in an earlier post, the Gemini protocol imposes limits on how much text can be submitted to a capsule. As documented, the limit is for a resulting URI of 1024 bytes¹. To save someone typing out a long entry, only to have it lost², I've added a count of how much input is left available (calculated from the size of the URI that would result):

To help ensure that the user doesn't submit too much, I've also added an error display if you go over the limit, which also refuses to submit the input.

With these in place it should be a lot harder to run into an unexpected loss of input.

One final tweak is a small change to the optional link stripe system I recently added. While playing around with some other themes, I noticed that the styling didn't show up well, or at all, in many of them. So I've changed it a little so it now shows in all available themes. I'm still not convinced it's quite right -- I'll play some more. But at least now it's visible in all cases.

The Gemini Protocol makes it clear that the maximum length of a URI, when making a request, is 1024 bytes. This has implications for how large a user's input can be when responding to a 1x response. Because of this, I'd like to update Rogallo so that it lets the user know how much space they have left as they type in their input.

With this in mind I've released v0.7.0 of Wasat. This adds the following to GeminiURI:

• GeminiURI.MAXIMUM_LENGTH -- a constant for the maximum length of a Gemini URI (as mentioned above: 1024).
• len() support -- if you ask for the len of an instance of GeminiURI it will return the length of the full URI.
• GeminiURI.bytes_left is a property that tells you how many bytes are left until the limit, given the current URI.
• GeminiURI.too_long is a boolean property that flags if the current URI is too long to send to a Gemini capsule.

This should give me all I need to add some guardrails to the user input dialog in Rogallo.

I've bumped Gemtext to v1.0.0. I've gone from "this is test code" to "this is stable code" mostly because the library is so simple and I'm unlikely to add any radically new features to it¹.

This bump also has one small addition: I've added an alt_text property to the PreFormatted class. This exists to capture and make available any text that comes after the pre-formatted text marker. For example, this text:

```python
print("Hello, World!")
```

will now result in:

PreFormatted(content='print("Hello, World!")', alt_text='python')

If/when I add syntax highlighting of pre-formatted text blocks to Rogallo, this new property will make that possible.

Rogallo v0.8.0 is now available. This release includes a small bug fix, a big change to how external links and unhandled MIME types are dealt with, and a further improvement to link navigation.

First the big change: hand-off of unhandled content and trust. Until now, if Rogallo was met with a URI it didn't know how to handle, or met with a MIME type it isn't designed to deal with, it would simply hand it off to the browser in your environment. This is generally handy as it means that, when you're browsing gemtext content, if you meet a link that takes you to a conventional website, the link will (normally) be opened in your browser.

There are, of course, any number of schemes that form part of a URI. While Rogallo might commonly be handing off http and https URIs, there's no reason why it can't be handing off a finger or a mailto or whatever. Or, potentially, something a wee bit more dodgy like a javascript URI. While some web browsers don't allow that sort of thing by default (Safari, for example, blocks it unless configured otherwise), others might, and this could result in a nasty surprise.

So now Rogallo has a confirmation step that lets you allow a scheme this once, this and every subsequent time, or just cancel out.

By default the trusted schemes (the ones you say "always" on) are saved in a trusted_schemes file in the data directory.

Similar to the above: if, via a URI that Rogallo can handle, it meets a MIME type it can't handle, it will also pass it off to your operating system. I've added similar protection there too.

In this case any MIME types marked as trusted are dropped into a trusted_mime_types file in the data directory.

I feel these changes help remove any possible footguns previously caused by unquestionably handing off URIs to the wider environment.

Another change I've made is to add even more link navigation. This sort of follows on from yesterday's release where I added labelled jumps to links. Again, the usual method of moving between links is to use Tab and Shift+Tab. The problem with those keys is they navigate you through all widgets in the UI that can receive focus. So, if you keep tapping Tab, you'll navigate out of the viewer and into the next available widget, once you reach the last link.

With this release I've added some extra keys which can be used to constantly cycle around the links while you're inside the viewer. These are:

• Left, Shift+Up, L to go backwards through the links.
• Right, Shift+Down, l to go forwards through the links.

While these might not be to everyone's taste (I'm already getting very used to using Left and Right), they do add another set of options for link navigation.

The final change is a simple bug fix, where the command line history simply wasn't being saved and loaded correctly. From now on it should save correctly and allow navigation of the history using the cursor keys.

With these changes in place, I feel I'm actually getting close to bumping up to a v1.0.0 release. While there are still things I want to add (there are currently a handful of TODO items in the issues), I see these as nice-to-have items that I want to do later on, rather than as must-have items that preclude considering Rogallo a viable daily-driver.

I'll see how the next day or so goes.

Rogallo v0.7.0 is now available. The main changes in this release revolve around the display and navigation of links.

The aim of Rogallo, as a "TUI" application, is that it is usable purely with the keyboard, and also very usable with the mouse too. So far I think I've managed to hit that mark, but I felt that things weren't quite as smooth as they could be when it came to navigating links.

Links, like any other UI element in the application that can receive "focus", can be navigated to using Tab and Shift+Tab. This is fine if there's just a handful of links in a page, but more than that and having to repeatedly press tab gets a bit boring. Meanwhile, if you have a mouse or other pointing device to hand, it's easy to scroll and click. I wanted to try and have a similar keyboard-based speedup available.

So now, by default, all links on a page get a numeric label:

To jump to a link, while the viewer has focus, simply type the number. When you do so, the corresponding link will be focused, then you just need to hit Enter to follow the link.

The input system is written to "wrap around", as it were. So if you type 1 the link with a label of 1 will be focused. If you then type 2, and if there's a link with a label of 12, it will be focused. If there are fewer than 12 links, the input chain resets, and 2 will be focused. The idea being: as you keep typing numbers, they concatenate until there's no matching link and then it starts fresh.

I was quite keen on having the labels over to the right, so they didn't disturb the layout of the main body of text, but there's a small downside with this: if you have a lot of links next to each other it's not always obvious which link and which label go together. While getting close to your desired link should be good enough (you can then still hit Tab to get to your chosen link), I felt something else could be done to give some help. So I added an option to turn on alternating background stripes for links.

If all of this seems a bit too cluttered, especially if you're the sort of person who is mouse-first or mouse-heavy with the terminal, there's still the option to turn off both the labels and the stripes and have Rogallo look like it did before.

I think this covers pretty much all the possible link navigation needs I can imagine anyone having.

As well as the above, other small changes in v0.7.0 include:

• Fixed a cosmetic issue with the truncation of the current location shown in the viewer panel, if the location is longer than the available space is wide.
• The suggestions provided in the command line now include hosts found in the "known hosts" trust store. So if you are trying to remember a location you visited long ago, and you never bookmarked it and it's fallen out of the location history, it's still there as a reminder/hint/completion.
• Also added the same to the history search palette.

I've also done more work on the website. The configuration section now covers pretty much everything you can modify that changes how Rogallo works. I still want to add more to the site -- mostly concentrating on explaining some key features -- but I felt that anyone using Rogallo right now would be most interested in how they can tailor it to their own taste.

Wasat v0.6.0 is now available. This is another quick update that fixes a small typing issue and also adds a handy new method I've been meaning to add to GeminiURI.

The typing issue is a simple enough one. The __init__ method for GeminiURI can take either a string or another GeminiURI as its argument. However, the type was actually specified as str | Self. In Rogallo, I want to have a sub-class of GeminiURI for one particular purpose, which will be passed an instance of GeminiURI. Something like this:

class KnownHost(GeminiURI):
    """A known host."""

From this, I want to be able to do:

[KnownHost(host) for host in self.known_hosts]

where known_hosts is typed as list[GeminiURI]. At this point, the type checker complains:

Argument 1 to "KnownHost" has incompatible type "GeminiURI"; expected "str | KnownHost"  [arg-type]

The error is correct, because the use of Self is saying "this needs to be an instance of my class". There's no reason why it needs to work this way, so I've relaxed the type to str | GeminiURI. In my example above, KnownHost is a subclass of GeminiURI, so the type checker will be happy again.

The new method I've added is GeminiURI.with_default_scheme. This is a class method that acts as a more relaxed "constructor" for a GeminiURI. Again, in Rogallo, there are a few places where I'm taking some input, assuming it's going to be a gemini:// URI, checking if it's missing the scheme prefix, and then prefixing the string with gemini:// before creating a GeminiURI¹. This means that Rogallo contains a few instances of this sort of code:

if ...: # ...we should treat some text as a URI but it isn't prefixed with "gemini://"
    uri = GeminiURI(f"{GEMINI_PREFIX}{text}")

It's a small difference, but from now on I'll be able to:

uri = GeminiURI.with_default_scheme(text)

This removes the need to check if there's a scheme already and it saves me having to import GEMINI_PREFIX, etc.