...those question headers are displaying differently, with the background colour no longer spanning the width of the window. I'd like to understand why.
Turns out it was pretty straightforward:
diff --git a/quiz.el b/quiz.el
index 2dbe45d..c1ba255 100644
--- a/quiz.el
+++ b/quiz.el
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
(defface quiz-question-number-face
'((t :height 1.3
:background "black"
- :foreground "white"))
+ :foreground "white"
+ :extend t))
"Face for the question number."
:group 'quiz)
and so v1.7 has happened.

It looks like, perhaps, at some point in the past, :extend was t by default, but it no longer is? Either way, explicitly setting it to t has done the trick.
